Several essential steps and documents are required to prepare for the legal requirements for relocating from the U.S. to Madrid, Spain, including visas, residence permits, and health insurance. Below is a brief guide to help you understand each requirement in the relocation process.

*Information is subject to change at any time.

Choose the Appropriate Visa

Digital Nomad Visa: This visa is for remote workers and freelancers who earn income outside of Spain. It allows you to live and work remotely in Spain for up to 12 months, with the possibility of extensions.

Non-Lucrative Visa: This visa is suitable for those with sufficient financial resources and who do not plan to work in Spain. Proof of income or savings is necessary, and it allows stays of up to 12 months, renewable.

Work Visa: This visa is for individuals who have secured employment with a Spanish company. Your employer will need to sponsor you, and you must apply for it before entering Spain.

Student Visa: If you’re studying in Spain for over 90 days, you need a student visa. This visa requires acceptance into a Spanish institution and proof of financial means to cover living expenses.

Each visa has specific requirements, so it is essential to gather supporting documents such as proof of financial stability, health insurance, and housing arrangements.

Apply for the NIE (Foreigner Identification Number)

Before your visa approval or upon arrival in Madrid, you must apply for an NIE (Número de Identificación de Extranjero), Spain’s foreign identification number. The NIE is essential for various legal and financial activities, such as opening a bank account, signing rental agreements, and even getting a mobile phone contract.

You can apply for the NIE at a police station in Madrid or through an Extranjería (foreigners’ office). However, it is advisable to make an appointment online ahead of time, as slots can be limited.

Secure Health Insurance

Private Health Insurance: Non-EU citizens are typically required to have private health insurance when applying for visas, especially the non-lucrative and digital nomad visas.

Public Healthcare: Once you register with Spanish Social Security, you may be eligible for Spain’s public healthcare. However, until then, private health insurance is essential.

Proof of Accommodation

For many visas, you’ll need proof of accommodation in Madrid. This can include a rental agreement, property ownership, or a letter from a family member if you stay with them.

Familiarize Yourself with Tax Obligations

If you reside in Spain for over 183 days per year, you’re considered a tax resident and must declare worldwide income to Spanish tax authorities. Spain has a double taxation agreement with the U.S., which can help prevent double taxation, but it’s best to consult a tax advisor specializing in U.S.-Spain taxation.

Residency Card (TIE)

After arriving in Madrid with a long-term visa, you must apply for a TIE (Tarjeta de Identidad de Extranjero), a residency card for non-EU citizens. This card provides official residency status in Spain and must be renewed based on the duration of your visa.

Visit the Spanish Consulate for Visa Applications

For most visas, you’ll need to apply through the Spanish consulate in the U.S. that corresponds to your jurisdiction. Consulates often require an in-person appointment, so schedule this well in advance and ensure you bring all the necessary documents.

The primary Spanish Embassy in the United States is located in Washington, D.C., at 2375 Pennsylvania Avenue NW. Additionally, Spain has eight main consulates spread across major U.S. cities to handle various consular services, including visa applications, legal documents, and assistance for Spanish citizens.

Here are the consulate locations in the U.S.:

Boston – Serving the New England region.

Chicago – Serving the Midwest.

Houston – Serving Texas and nearby states.

Los Angeles – Serving Southern California and the western U.S.

Miami – Serving Florida and the southeastern U.S.

New York – Serving the Northeast, including New York and nearby states.

San Francisco – Serving Northern California and surrounding areas.

San Juan, Puerto Rico – Serving Puerto Rico and nearby territories.

Each consulate handles visa applications, NIE numbers, and various services required for relocation to Spain. Expats should contact the consulate that oversees their home state’s jurisdiction to schedule visa appointments and confirm needed documentation. The Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs website provides additional details on each location’s contact information and services.

By following these steps and preparing the necessary documents, you’ll be well-equipped to meet the legal requirements for a smooth relocation to Madrid.